Final answer:
New growth in plants is typically initiated from axillary buds at the nodes or from crown buds, with axillary buds being located where the leaf joins the stem. Primary growth in plants is characterized by the elongation of the plant stems and roots through cell division and elongation at apical meristems, while secondary growth involves increases in girth through lateral meristems.
Step-by-step explanation:
New growth in plants is initiated from any remaining axillary buds at the nodes and/or from crown buds. Axillary buds are a group of meristematic cells located at the intersection of the leaf and stem, which can grow into a branch shoot. Crown buds typically refer to the area at the base of the plant where new shoots can emerge, often seen in grasses and related plants.
Plants display two primary types of growth: primary and secondary. Primary growth occurs at the apices or tips of stems and roots and is the result of rapid cell division within apical meristems. In contrast, secondary growth adds to the girth of the stem or root, featuring the activities of lateral meristems such as vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Some plants, particularly grasses, have a distinct way of producing branches. In these plants, branching can occur from bud primordia which are stimulated to grow in various ways, such as into tillers, stolons, or rhizomes, depending on the plant's growth patterns and environmental conditions.