Final answer:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile replaces a group attached to an sp3 carbon. The reaction of ammonia with a haloalkane involves the substitution of a halogen atom with an amino group. The reaction conditions include a suitable solvent and a basic medium.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile replaces a group attached to an sp3 carbon. The reaction involves the attack of the nucleophile on the carbon atom, causing a more electronegative group to leave. In the case of ammonia (NH3) reacting with a haloalkane, one of the halogens (such as chlorine or bromine) is replaced by the ammonia. This type of mechanism is typical of primary alkyl halides substitutions.
For example, if we have the haloalkane CH3CH2Cl and it reacts with ammonia, the chlorine atom will be replaced by an amino group, resulting in the formation of CH3CH2NH2.
The reaction conditions for nucleophilic substitution of ammonia with haloalkanes include the presence of a suitable solvent and a basic medium. Overall, the reaction involves the attack of the nucleophilic ammonia molecule on the carbon atom bonded to the halogen, leading to the formation of new bonds and the substitution of the halogen group.