Final answer:
The relationship between Charles and Parliament broke down due to his actions that alienated the Puritans, leading to the English Civil War and Charles's execution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between Charles I and Parliament broke down between 1625 and 1629 due to a series of factors. Firstly, Charles married a Catholic princess and allowed Catholic practices to be introduced into the Church of England. This angered the Puritans, who saw it as a threat to their Protestant beliefs. Charles also dismissed Parliament in 1629 in an attempt to rule England on his own, leading to what historians call the 'eleven-year tyranny.' This further alienated Puritans and worsened the relationship between the king and Parliament.
These tensions eventually led to the English Civil War in 1642, with the Royalists, led by Charles, fighting against the Parliamentarians, who were supported by the Puritans. The war ended with the defeat of the Royalists, and Charles was captured, tried for treason, and executed in 1649. This marked the first time a reigning monarch had been executed by a legislative body.
In summary, the breakdown of the relationship between Charles and Parliament was caused by his actions that alienated the Puritans, including marrying a Catholic princess and dismissing Parliament. These tensions ultimately led to the English Civil War and Charles's execution.