Final answer:
Studies suggest that the prior induction of LTP does influence learning and memory, as synaptic plasticity, including both LTP and LTD, plays a crucial role in these cognitive processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a significant mechanism involved in synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time. Studies indicate that the prior induction of LTP can have an impact on learning and memory. For instance, Goosens and Maren (2002) discussed how amygdaloid plasticity and LTP serve as substrates for memory, especially in the context of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Similarly, Myhrer (2003) presented a meta-analysis on neurotransmitter systems showing their roles in learning and memory processes in rats.
LTP involves an increase in synaptic strength, predominantly through the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane, triggered by calcium influx through NMDA receptors. On the other hand, long-term depression (LTD) is a weakening of synaptic connections, partly by the removal of AMPA receptors. While LTD might seem counterproductive, it aids in the learning process by pruning unnecessary synapses and contrasting the significant synapses that are strengthened through LTP.