Final answer:
The TDLU undergoes changes during life cycle changes, the menstrual cycle, and hormone fluctuation. During menopause, the TDLU undergoes atrophy and decreased proliferation. During the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone cause changes in the TDLU, and hormone fluctuations can result in breast swelling and tenderness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The TDLU, or terminal ductal lobular unit, undergoes changes during life cycle changes, the menstrual cycle, and hormone fluctuation in women.
During the life cycle changes, such as menopause, the TDLU undergoes atrophy and decreased proliferation. The number of functional lobules decreases, and there is a decrease in glandular tissue and an increase in fibrous tissue. This leads to a reduction in breast size and glandular function.
During the menstrual cycle, the TDLU experiences changes in response to estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen leads to proliferation and growth of the lobules and ducts, while progesterone promotes lobule maturation and secretion. These hormonal changes prepare the breast tissue for potential pregnancy.
During hormone fluctuations, such as those experienced during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and hormonal therapy, the TDLU can undergo changes in size and activity. Hormonal fluctuations can cause breast swelling and tenderness due to increased blood flow and proliferation of glandular tissue.