The three components of personality as per Freud are id, ego, and superego. The ego balances the aggressive and sexual desires of id. The moral values of the superego.
The three stages of personality, which refers to the long-standing traits that individuals develop during their lifetime make them behave in a specific way.
He gave his theory in 1923 stating that 3 combine to form human behavior. Ego deals with reality and meets the needs and desires of ID which are socially acceptable.
While the superego adds morals and principles. Hence superego forms the deciding factor. They work in balance and create behavior according to the situation.