Final answer:
Elderly individuals are more prone to bone fractures primarily due to osteoporosis, wherein bones lose mass and become brittle, facilitating breaks. Women are particularly at risk post-menopause due to estrogen deficiency impacting bone density. Preventive measures include proper nutrition and exercise.
Step-by-step explanation:
The age-related factor that makes elderly people more prone to bone fractures is osteoporosis, a condition where bones lose mass, weaken, and become brittle. As people age, they may experience a reduction in estrogen or undergo lifestyle changes that contribute to reduced bone density. Additionally, factors like poor nutrition, smoking, and lack of exercise can accelerate bone loss. The fragility of bones due to osteoporosis means that even minor falls or stresses can lead to fractures, particularly of the femur, vertebrae, and wrist. It's more common in women, especially post-menopausal, due to a decrease in estrogen which is crucial for maintaining bone density.
Furthermore, osteoporotic fractures can have severe consequences in the elderly, such as immobility that increases risks of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia. As bones become abnormally weak, everyday activities can cause fractures, and preventive measures such as adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, along with weight-bearing exercises, are essential to reduce risks.