Final answer:
A biofilm is a slimy layer of microorganisms attached to a surface, forming a protected environment that aids in colonization. Biofilms are a nuisance as they contribute to various diseases and infections, especially in healthcare settings, by resisting antibiotics and creating chronic infections. Their eradication is challenging, prompting ongoing research for effective treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is a Biofilm?
A biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms, typically forming as a slimy layer that attaches to a surface—this is due to the production of an extrapolymeric substance (EPS) that allows them to adhere. This organization of bacteria provides a protected environment against harsh conditions and helps in colonization. Biofilms commonly consist of bacteria, fungi, and algae, interacting through cell signaling within an organized ecosystem.
Why Are Biofilms a Nuisance?
Biofilms are responsible for a variety of health concerns and are a considerable nuisance for several reasons. They contribute to diseases like cystic fibrosis, Legionnaires’ disease, and otitis media, and can lead to problematic infections by colonizing medical devices such as catheters, prostheses, and even contact lenses. In healthcare settings, up to 65 percent of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections are attributed to biofilms. They are notoriously difficult to eradicate since they often resist antibiotics and immune system defenses. Adequate treatment is challenging; biofilms can withstand up to 1,000 times the antibiotic concentrations that would affect free-living bacteria. This resistance to sterilization methods makes managing biofilms a critical task in both healthcare and industrial environments.