Final answer:
Conducting experiments allows scientists to determine cause-effect relationships between variables. They test hypotheses in controlled conditions to ascertain if the experimental results support or refute the proposed explanations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question of what conducting experiments allows scientists to do is C) Determine cause-effect relationships. While experiments can be used to answer research questions, discover new information, and test hypotheses, they are uniquely powerful in establishing a cause-effect relationship between different variables. In an experiment, researchers manipulate one variable (the independent variable) and measure the effect on another variable (the dependent variable), maintaining control over other factors to isolate the cause and effect.
In formulating a hypothesis, scientists often use previous knowledge or direct observations. Once the hypothesis is in place, it can be tested through systematic observations or measurements made under controlled conditions. If the experiment's results are consistent with the experimental hypothesis, it adds support to the proposed explanation. Conversely, if results contradict the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be reconsidered or discarded.
The scientific method typically involves repeatedly cycling through making observations, forming hypotheses, and conducting experiments. This method ensures that hypotheses are rigorously tested, thereby providing reliable and objective results to support scientific knowledge.