Final answer:
The vocal cords are called the true vocal cords, and the opening between them is termed the glottis. This opening allows air to pass through during speech production. The size of the vocal cords influences vocal pitch ranges and helps protect the trachea during swallowing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anatomical term for the vocal cords is the true vocal cords, which are also known as the vocal folds. These are white membranous folds attached by muscle to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx with free inner edges that can oscillate to produce sound.
The opening between the true vocal cords is known as the glottis, which is the space through which air passes during the production of speech. The true vocal cords, in addition to the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords), and the space between them compose the glottis.
The size of the membranous folds of the true vocal cords can vary between individuals, affecting the pitch of one's voice. During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the opening of the trachea, and the glottis is closed to prevent food and beverages from entering the respiratory system.