Final answer:
Griseofulvin is an antifungal that disrupts microtubules during mitosis, while digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that affects heart contractions. Both can undergo hydrolysis, affecting their activity and necessitating careful dosing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication that has been used historically to treat fungal infections of the skin, such as dermatophytosis. It functions by interfering with the microtubule formation necessary for fungal cell division, specifically during mitosis. However, its use has diminished due to concerns about liver toxicity (hepatotoxicity), and it is usually considered when other treatments have failed.
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used for treating various heart conditions, primarily heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It affects the force of heart contractions by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which increases intracellular calcium in the heart and thus augments cardiac output. Digoxin undergoes hydrolysis and has a narrow therapeutic window requiring close monitoring.
Hydrolysis and Drug Metabolism
Hydrolysis is a common metabolic pathway for drugs like procaine and acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), as well as cardiac glycosides such as digitalin and digoxin. This process can alter the drug's activity and bioavailability in the body, necessitating careful dosing considerations.