Final answer:
Various enzymes found in the human intestine include lactase, lipase, maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidases, trypsin, and pancreatic amylase, all of which contribute to breaking down food molecules for nutrient absorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The human intestine is a complex organ where the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption occur. Within the small intestine, a variety of enzymes are secreted or activated to facilitate the breakdown of food into absorbable molecules. Some of these enzymes include:
- Lactase: breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
- Lipase: chemically breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids.
- Maltase: breaks down maltose into glucose units.
- Sucrase: breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.
- Aminopeptidases: remove amino acids from the N-terminal end of peptides, aiding in protein digestion.
- Trypsin: a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
- Pancreatic amylase: breaks down starches into dextrins and maltose.
These enzymes work in conjunction with bile from the liver and various brush border enzymes attached to the microvilli lining the small intestine to maximize the efficiency of nutrient absorption.