Final answer:
The factors that affect host defenses against bacterial infections include preexisting conditions, environmental factors, and genetic immune factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that affect the host defenses against bacterial infections include:
- Preexisting conditions: Individuals with preexisting health conditions, such as weakened immune systems or chronic diseases, may be more susceptible to bacterial infections.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to substances like secondhand smoke can compromise the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to infections.
- Genetic immune factors: Some individuals may have genetically determined immune factors that either protect them or make them more susceptible to specific strains of pathogens.
These factors interact with the virulence factors produced by the microorganism to determine the outcome of an infection.