Final answer:
The basal ganglia are responsible for coordinating movement, maintaining equilibrium, and helping to uphold posture. They work in conjunction with the cerebellum which also aids in balance and coordination of movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basal ganglia are interconnected brain areas that play critical roles in controlling movement, maintaining equilibrium, and assisting in the maintenance of posture. These basal nuclei evaluate cortical movement commands and utilize modulation from dopamine neurons to ensure the body reacts appropriately to movement-related signals. Damage to the basal ganglia, exemplified by conditions such as Parkinson's disease, can lead to significant motor impairments like a shuffling gait. Additionally, the basal ganglia are involved in the regulation of motivation, as seen in the case of a businessman who, following bilateral damage, lost the initiative to engage in activities unless externally prompted.
The cerebellum also plays a pivotal role in coordinating movement and balance. It sits at the base of the brain and contributes to the control of balance and the learning of new motor tasks by interpreting and integrating equilibrium information.