Final answer:
The population of London when Shakespeare first arrived was approximately 40,000, and Queen Elizabeth I was the ruler of England during that time.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Shakespeare first arrived in London, the population of the city was approximately 40,000 in the thirteenth century. By the seventeenth century, the population had grown to over half a million.
During Shakespeare's time in London, Queen Elizabeth I was the ruler of England until her death in 1603. After her, King James I took the throne and reigned until his death in 1625.
It is important to note that our knowledge of Shakespeare's life is not complete, and there may be gaps in the historical record. However, based on available information, these were the rulers of England and the estimated population of London during Shakespeare's early years in the city.