Final answer:
The Hawthorne effect was categorized by Elton Mayo after his observations regarding management in the Western Electric Plan, Cicero, IL. It describes the increase in performance of individuals who are aware they are being observed by researchers or supervisors. The Hawthorne effect is an important consideration in experimental research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hawthorne effect was categorized by Elton Mayo after his observations regarding management in the Western Electric Plan, Cicero, IL. Elton Mayo and his colleagues conducted a series of studies at the plant and found that employees performed better when they were observed and interacted with by researchers or supervisors. This phenomenon is known as the Hawthorne effect, where people change their behavior because they know they are being watched as part of a study. The Hawthorne effect is an important consideration in experimental research and highlights the impact of attention and observation on individual performance.