Final answer:
The bony landmarks on the calcaneus include the sustentaculum tali, cuboid tubercle, and the lateral talocalcaneal articulation, which are essential for foot structure and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bony landmarks that are located on the calcaneus are the sustentaculum tali and the cuboid tubercle. Also, we have the lateral talocalcaneal articulation. The sustentaculum tali is a bony projection on the medial side of the calcaneus that supports the talus bone. The cuboid tubercle is the point of the calcaneus that articulates with the cuboid bone, located anterior to the calcaneus. Finally, the lateral talocalcaneal articulation refers to the area where the calcaneus bone articulates with the talus laterally.
The calcaneus, being the largest of the tarsal bones, plays a critical role in the structure of the foot, bearing weight and providing a stable foundation for the talus, which in turn articulates with the tibia. This arrangement of bones is essential for distributing body weight and enabling movement of the foot and ankle joint.