Final answer:
The 4d orbital is of higher energy than the 5p orbital due to the increasing principal quantum number and decreasing penetration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 4d orbital is of higher energy than the 5p orbital.
According to the energy-level diagram for atomic orbitals, orbitals with higher principal quantum numbers (n) have higher energy. As the value of n increases, the size of the orbital increases and the electrons spend more time farther from the nucleus, resulting in weaker attraction to the nucleus and higher energy.
Within each shell, the order of decreasing penetration of electrons is s > p > d > f, meaning that s orbitals are closer to the nucleus and have lower energy compared to p orbitals. Therefore, the 4d orbital, with a higher value of n compared to the 5p orbital, has higher energy.