Final answer:
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease, is the term for disorders that reduce blood flow to the heart, potentially leading to myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to identify disorders that reduce blood supply to the heart muscle is coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD). This condition involves the buildup of plaque within the coronary arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow.
A consequence of this impairment can be myocardial infarction (MI), commonly referred to as a heart attack, where part of the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and begins to die. The severity of the condition can range from asymptomatic to symptoms like chest pain (angina pectoris), and if untreated, it can lead to serious complications or even death.