Final answer:
Around 12% of Rio's population does not have access to running water due to factors such as inadequate clean water supply, poor sanitation, and insufficient infrastructure, with poor communities being the most affected.
Step-by-step explanation:
Around 12% of Rio's population did not have access to running water for several reasons that are emblematic of larger global water crisis issues. These include the lack of a clean water supply, inadequate sanitation measures, and a failing infrastructure that cannot meet the demands of rapidly growing and urbanizing populations. The challenges are aggravated by poverty and social inequity, where poor communities often suffer the most due to limited resources and assistance in building and maintaining proper water systems. These issues are compounded by polluted waterways and a high demand for freshwater, leading to water stress and a significant impact on public health, evidenced by high rates of waterborne diseases and related deaths, particularly among children.
The situation in Rio reflects the broader scenario where billions of people worldwide face a lack of access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation services. Improving these conditions is not only a matter of installing physical infrastructure but also ensuring sustainability through proper maintenance, investing in education to promote hygiene practices, and creating policies that protect and prioritize access to clean water for all segments of the population. As cities continue to grow, especially in developing countries, this need becomes ever more pressing to prevent further public health crises and improve the quality of life for urban residents.