Final answer:
Giovanni Giolitti collaborated with socialists to stabilize Italy amidst economic problems, strikes, and social unrest, and prevent the rise of communism by incorporating socialist support into his administration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question "Why did Giolitti collaborate with the socialists?" refers to the turbulent political landscape in Italy during the early 20th century. Giovanni Giolitti, who served as Prime Minister of Italy multiple times between 1892 and 1921, sought collaboration with the socialists as a way to stabilize the country, which was experiencing significant social turmoil.
After World War I, Italy faced severe economic problems, strikes, and social unrest, partly due to the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the fear among conservatives of a potential communist revolution in Italy. Giolitti, known for his reformist and liberal policies, aimed to pacify the socialists and maintain order through reforms and compromises, effectively trying to incorporate their support into his government to prevent further instability.