Final answer:
Realpolitik, shaped by Otto von Bismarck after German unification, was a pragmatic foreign policy strategy that led to the exclusion of Austria-Hungary from German affairs and established Prussia as the dominant German state.
Step-by-step explanation:
Realpolitik, the political philosophy impressed by Otto von Bismarck, was characterized by pragmatism and practicality, especially in foreign policy decisions after the unification of Germany. Bismarck utilized this strategy to prioritize the strength and interests of Protestant Prussia over the pursuit of moral or ideological goals.
Post-unification, Bismarck focused on fortifying the German state's power, which led to a series of wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. He successfully excluded Austria-Hungary from German affairs and positioned Prussia as the dominant force in the region, eventually leading to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
Bismarck's approach to alliances was also shaped by Realpolitik, creating strategic partnerships to counterbalance potential threats from Russia and France, thus establishing a framework for peace and stability in Europe.