Final answer:
After unification, Otto von Bismarck's Realpolitik was characterized by a practical approach to foreign policy, focusing on German power consolidation and strategic alliances such as the Triple Alliance.
Step-by-step explanation:
After unifying Germany, Otto von Bismarck's foreign policy, dubbed Realpolitik, was characterized by his pragmatic and realist approach to international relations. He sought to strengthen Germany without overextending its power.
A hallmark of his policy was the avoidance of direct conquest, particularly evidenced by his decision not to occupy Austria after the Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Bismarck's focus was on consolidating power within Germany and creating alliances that served his realistic aims of maintaining order and German predominance in European affairs.
To manage the international arena and prevent conflicts that could undermine Germany, Bismarck established the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. He was particularly vigilant about the potential threat from Russia and France - a concern that was validated when the two formed an alliance in 1894.
However, Bismarck's fierce Realpolitik eventually led to the alienation of Russia, which joined the Triple Entente with France and Britain, an alliance formed due to mutual distrust of German ambitions.
Bismarck's strategies of avoiding moralistic or ideological entanglements in favor of practical, tactical alliances laid the foundation for Germany's foreign policy post-unification.
His ability to manipulate nationalist sentiments and diplomatic relations exemplified his Realpolitik that foregrounded German interests and stability above all.