Final answer:
The flux from star B, being 2 times further away than star A and with the same luminosity, is 1/4 times that of star A, due to the inverse square law of light.
Step-by-step explanation:
If two stars have the same luminosity, but star B is 2 times as far away as star A, then according to the inverse square law of light, the flux from star B is 1/4 times that of star A. This is because luminosity spreads out as the distance increases, and the increase in the area that the light must cover is proportional to the square of the distance that the light has traveled.
Therefore, if star B is twice as far away, the light must cover an area that is four times larger, meaning each unit area receives one-quarter of the light compared to that of star A, making the correct answer 'e' (1/4 times).