Final answer:
The properties of polymers can be changed by altering chain length, introducing different side groups, and through cross-linking, each affecting the polymer's strength, flexibility, and thermal properties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The properties of polymers can be altered in a variety of ways, leading to changes in their physical and chemical properties. Here are three examples:
- Chain Length: The strength and flexibility of a polymer are often tied to its chain length. Generally, longer chains result in stronger polymers.
- Side Groups: The introduction of polar side groups can lead to stronger interpolymer forces like hydrogen bonding, which impacts the polymer's strength and physical properties.
- Cross-Linking: Polymers with extensive covalent cross-linking between chains tend to be harder and more difficult to melt. Chemical cross-linking can drastically alter a polymer’s elasticity and thermal stability.
Through mechanisms such as varying chain length, adding different side groups, and cross-linking, the solubility, melting point, flammability, and other properties of polymers can be customized for specific applications in areas such as recycling plastics and engineering.