Final answer:
Amines can act as ligands by forming coordinate bonds with transition metal ions and as nucleophiles by donating electrons to positively charged carbon atoms in organic reactions. so, option c is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amines, due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, can perform roles other than acting as bases. First, amines can act as ligands, donating their lone pair to transition metal ions, forming coordinate bonds. This is an essential aspect of coordination chemistry where amines can stabilize transition metal complexes by acting as donating groups in the formation of these bonds.
Secondly, amines can act as nucleophiles. This behavior is due to their tendency to donate the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen to electrophilic or positively charged carbon atoms, especially in organic compounds like halogenoalkanes. In such scenarios, the amine effectively attacks an electron-deficient carbon atom, initiating a nucleophilic substitution reaction which is pivotal in organic synthesis.
These two roles, as ligands in coordination chemistry and as nucleophiles in organic chemistry, highlight the chemical versatility of amines beyond their basicity.