Final answer:
Commas should be placed before and after 'California's capital city' in the sentence to correctly punctuate it as 'Sacramento, California's capital city, is a bustling urban environment.'
Step-by-step explanation:
The appropriate placement of commas in the sentence 'Sacramento, California's capital city, is a bustling urban environment.' requires commas to be used to set off the appositive phrase 'California's capital city'. Here is the sentence with correct punctuation:
'Sacramento, California's capital city, is a bustling urban environment.'
The commas provide clarity and ensure the sentence reads smoothly by indicating that 'California's capital city' is a descriptive clause providing additional information about Sacramento.
Commas are used in a sentence to separate words, phrases, or clauses in order to create clarity and avoid confusion. In the given sentence, "Sacramento, California's capital city, is a bustling urban environment.", we should place commas as follows:
After "Sacramento" to separate it from its appositive phrase "California's capital city".
After the phrase "California's capital city" to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
So, the correctly punctuated sentence would be: "Sacramento, California's capital city, is a bustling urban environment."