Final answer:
Carl Jung and Karen Horney are notable figures who broke away from Freud's psychoanalytical theories, with Jung developing analytical psychology and emphasizing the collective unconscious while Horney focused on self-realization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The figure who broke away from Sigmund Freud was Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist who started as a friend and fellow analyst. Jung, along with others like Karen Horney, developed theories that diverged significantly from Freud's approach. Freud, with significant contributions to psychology despite controversial and largely empirically unsupported theories, emphasized the role of unconscious desires and early childhood experiences on the psyche. Karen Horney, on the other hand, focused on self-realization potential and moved away from Freud's fixation on childhood experiences to a more healthy development of the self.
Jung's disagreements with Freud culminated in the development of analytical psychology, which contrasted with Freud's psychoanalysis on key points. Jung did not agree that sexual drive was the primary motivator in a person's mental life, and he introduced the idea of the collective unconscious, an aspect of the human psyche distinct from the personal unconscious suggested by Freud. This intellectual schism marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of psychological theories. The impact of these historic figures remains a significant part of the discourse in modern psychology.