Final answer:
The Persian Wars, which involved conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, began in 492 B.C. and ended in 479 B.C. These wars included significant battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis after the failure of the Ionian Rebellion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Persian Wars began in 492 B.C. and continued until 479 B.C. The conflicts were a series of engagements between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. Under Cyrus the Great, the Persians had expanded their empire and subdued the Greek city-states of Ionia. As the Ionians became unhappy with the Persian-installed tyrants, the Ionian Rebellion erupted in 499 BCE with support from Athens and Cyprus. Despite the initial resistance, by 494 BCE, the Persians had suppressed the rebellion in Ionia and Cyprus.
The involvement of Athens in the Ionian Rebellion led the Persian King Darius to seek punishment against the city-state. This chain of events set the stage for the greater Greek-Persian conflicts known collectively as the Persian Wars, which showcased pivotal battles such as Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis.