Final answer:
Muscular strength and endurance are improved through different types of exercises. Anaerobic exercises increase strength, while aerobic exercises enhance endurance. Genetically, the proportion of muscle fiber types affects performance, and proper rest is necessary to prevent adverse effects like DOMS.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exercise is crucial for improving muscular strength and muscular endurance. While anaerobic exercises like weightlifting enhance muscular strength by increasing muscle size through hypertrophy, aerobic exercises such as running boost muscular endurance and cardiovascular health. Resistance training notably increases the development of connective tissue and strengthens tendons to support powerful muscle contractions.
Individual genetic differences can influence whether a person may excel more in endurance or strength, based on the proportion of slow-twitch (SO) and fast-twitch (FG) muscle fibers. However, adverse effects such as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur without adequate rest between intense exercise sessions. Also, resistance exercises require large amounts of FG fibers, and the hypertrophy seen in athletes is due to an increase in myofibrils and muscle fiber thickness.