Final answer:
The gear set described is a planetary gear set. Planetary gears are often used in vehicle transmissions, and the angular velocity of gear B increases when more torque is applied through gear A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of gear set described in the student's question, with a central gear that rotates several gears around it to spin an outer ring, is known as a planetary gear set. This configuration is commonly used in vehicle transmissions due to its compact size and ability to provide a range of gear ratios. The central gear is typically called the sun gear, the surrounding gears are called planet gears, and the outer ring gear meshes with the planet gears.
Regarding the follow-up question on gears A and B: When gear A, which turns clockwise, meshes with gear B, which turns counterclockwise, and more force is applied through gear A, increased torque is transmitted to gear B. Because torque is directly related to the product of force and radius, and since there is no mention of changing gear sizes or radii, the angular velocity of gear B increases in magnitude as a result of the increased torque applied.