Question

What are the 3 signals required in order to differentiate into a CTL (or other types of T cells)?

Answer 1

The three signals required to differentiate into a CTL are antigen recognition, co-stimulation, and cytokine signaling.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three signals required to differentiate into a CTL are antigen recognition, co-stimulation, and cytokine signaling.

In order to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), T cells require three signals:

1. Signal 1: Antigen recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule.
2. Signal 2: Co-stimulation, which involves the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules on the antigen-presenting cell (APC) and co-stimulatory receptors on the T cell.
3. Signal 3: Cytokines, which are secreted by the APC and other immune cells, and help drive the differentiation of the T cell into a CTL.

These three signals are necessary for the activation and differentiation of T cells into CTLs, which play a crucial role in killing infected cells and cancer cells.