Final answer:
Nursing leadership theories have evolved to prioritize relational aspects, focusing on nurturing connections between healthcare stakeholders, unlike industrial leadership models which stress transactional and transformational styles. This approach aligns with the empathetic values of nursing and highlights the prominent role of women in nursing leadership who tend to favor transformational and relational styles. Option 3 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Over the last 20 years, nursing leadership theories have increasingly distinguished themselves from traditional industrial leadership models by emphasizing relationships and holistic care. Unlike the industrial focus on transactional and transformational leadership which relies heavily on rewards, punishments, and charisma to achieve organizational goals, nursing leadership integrates relational theory. This theory is centered on understanding and nurturing the interconnections between all stakeholders in the healthcare system, including patients, staff, and the broader community.
Relational leadership in nursing promotes shared governance, collaboration, empowerment, and fostering of a healthy work environment which all contribute to improved patient care. It also aligns with the intrinsic values of the nursing profession which stresses the importance of empathy, understanding, and ethical considerations. In contrast to laissez-faire or transactional models, which may lack the depth of interpersonal engagement required in healthcare settings, relational leadership integrates emotional intelligence and the ability to build strong alliances within the care environment.
Additionally, research has noted gender-related differences in leadership styles, with women, who are increasingly representing nursing leadership, more often employing transformational and relational styles over transactional methods. This shift toward a gender-sensitive approach in nursing leadership further distinguishes it from more hierarchical, industrial leadership theories.