Final answer:
The Quran asserts the unity and transcendence of God (Allah) and positions Muhammad as the final prophet, who delivers uncorrupted divine messages that align with the monotheistic traditions of Judaism and Christianity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout the Quran, two central theological claims are repeatedly made: the unity and transcendence of God and the role of Muhammad as the final prophet in a long line of prophets recognized in both Judaism and Christianity. At its core, Islam emphasizes monotheism, asserting that there is no god but Allah, who is the same deity worshipped in Judaism and Christianity, as indicated by the use of the name 'Allah' by Arabic-speaking Christians. Moreover, the Quran expresses great respect for figures found in Jewish and Christian texts, such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, though it sees Jesus as a prophet rather than the Son of God, dismissing claims of divinity or the trinity, as well as the crucifixion. Instead, these narratives are adapted to fit Islamic theology, which views Muhammad as the greatest and final prophet, through whom the uncorrupted messages of Allah were revealed, as comprised in the teachings of the Quran.