Final answer:
The mystical tradition within Islam, known for emphasizing personal contemplation and divine experiences, is called Sufism. It includes practices like meditation, music, and dancing and had a major role in spreading Islam globally.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mystical tradition within Islam is known as Sufism. Sufism is a form of Islamic mysticism that emphasizes inner personal contemplation and a deep, personal connection with the divine. Originating in the eighth century, Sufism has played a significant role in Islamic culture and in the spread of Islam to various parts of the world. Sufis practice asceticism, meditation, and ritual prayer to experience divine love and wisdom, often using music, poetry, and dancing to achieve trance-like states and to deepen their connection with God. Sufi orders, also sometimes called “brotherhoods,” were formed around spiritual leaders who taught and guided followers toward achieving closeness with God. These practices made Sufism appealing to ordinary people and helped in the missionization efforts of Islam in regions such as North and West Africa, central Asia, and India.