Final answer:
A surgeon is a doctor specializes in operations to treat injury, disease, and deformity, while an orthopedist is a surgeon focusing on the musculoskeletal system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of doctor who specializes in treating injury, disease, and deformity through operations is a surgeon. An orthopedist is a kind of surgeon who is specifically focused on the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. They can perform surgeries to correct issues such as spinal deformities, joint replacements, and repairing broken bones. Orthopedists can also provide non-surgical treatments like medications, exercises, and other supportive devices. While urologists focus on urinary tract systems and male reproductive organs, dermatologists specialize in skin disorders, and endocrinologists treat hormone-related disorders, it is surgeons who are typically responsible for operations addressing injury, disease, and deformity.