Final answer:
To administer an IM injection into the deltoid, use the correct size needle, clean the skin, locate the proper site by measuring below the acromion process, inject at a 90-degree angle, aspirate, and then inject the medication if no blood is returned.
Step-by-step explanation:
When administering an intramuscular (IM) injection into the deltoid muscle, you should select a needle of the correct size, typically 1 inch to 1.5 inches for an adult. The patient should be positioned for easy access to the deltoid muscle, which is located in the upper arm. Identify the correct injection site by locating the acromion process at the top of the shoulder and measuring two fingers widths below this point on the lateral aspect of the arm to ensure that the vaccine is administered into the muscle tissue.
It is important to cleanse the skin with an alcohol swab and to inject the needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin surface. Aspirate the syringe slightly to check for blood return, which indicates that a blood vessel has not been entered. If no blood is seen, slowly inject the medication, withdraw the needle, and then apply gentle pressure to the site with a sterile piece of gauze to minimize bleeding.
Proper technique reduces the risk of complications and ensures the medication is delivered where it will be most effective.