Final answer:
Axons from the visual cortex primarily synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. These connections are vital for processing visual information including various aspects like form, color, and movement. Another target is the superior colliculus for coordinating eye movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the visual system, axons travel from the visual cortex and primarily synapse on cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. These projections from the LGN then relay visual information to the visual cortex, where visual perception occurs. It is crucial to understand that the connection of the eyes to the diencephalon through the optic tract is an extension of the developmental association of the retina with the central nervous system (CNS).
The optic nerve consists of myelinated axons from retinal ganglion cells that convey visual signals, which then become the optic tract in the CNS. These projections are essential for processing various qualities of the visual experience such as form, movement, depth, brightness, color, and fine detail. Another key target of the optic tract is the superior colliculus in the midbrain.