Final answer:
Villages in Çatalhöyük developed through access to natural resources like obsidian, reliance on farming, and the presence of social divisions and specialized craftsmen and priests.
Step-by-step explanation:
Villages developed in Çatalhöyük in several ways. One important factor was the access to natural resources, particularly the large deposit of obsidian at Çatalhöyük. Obsidian could be chipped to create sharp tools and weapons, which were in high demand and traded with other towns and villages in long-distance trade networks. The village's specialization in manufacturing obsidian tools and its involvement in trade networks contributed to its development and prosperity.
Another factor was the reliance on farming. The rich soil surrounding Çatalhöyük supported agriculture, and the inhabitants cultivated crops such as barley, wheat, peas, and lentils, as well as domesticated animals like sheep, goats, and cattle.
Additionally, social divisions and the presence of specialized craftsmen and priests indicate a level of civilization and development. The surplus of food from agriculture allowed people to specialize in various activities, and skilled craftsmen and priests emerged in Çatalhöyük. The settlement featured shrines to ancient gods and evidence of a priesthood, underscoring the presence of religious and cultural practices.