Final answer:
The chemical force acts on the Y- negative ion from a higher to a lower concentration gradient, moving from inside to outside the cell. The strength of this force can be assessed with the Nernst equation, but a numerical value is not provided here.
Step-by-step explanation:
The direction of the chemical force due to the concentration gradient of the negative ion Y- will be from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration, meaning it will move from inside the cell (1 M) to outside the cell (0.1 M). The strength of this force can be quantified using the Nernst equation, but the specific numerical value is not provided in the question. With the Nernst equation, we could calculate the potential difference that the concentration gradient would cause, but for simplicity’s sake, we can simply conclude that the greater the gradient, the greater the force driving the diffusion of Y- out of the cell.
Electrochemical gradients involve both chemical and electrical forces. Because Y- is negatively charged, the electrical force component, which would depend on the charge distribution across the membrane, would either support or oppose the chemical force. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged in comparison to the outside, this electrical force would resist the movement of Y- outside the cell. Overall, the net movement of ions like Y- would be determined by both the electrochemical gradient's chemical and electrical components.