Final answer:
Amnesia disrupts the cognitive process of memory, which includes encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. Anterograde amnesia, a common form of amnesia, involves the loss of the ability to create new memories following brain trauma. This condition directly affects one's ability to learn new information or recall existing information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cognitive process that is disrupted by amnesia is e. memory. Amnesia specifically refers to the loss of memories, such as facts, information and experiences. Unlike a temporary lapse in memory, amnesia can be a lasting condition that can occur due to brain injury, emotional trauma, or certain diseases affecting the brain. It can impede the ability to learn new information or recall information that was known in the past.
In relation to memory, encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three functions of memory. Encoding is the process of getting information into memory, storage refers to keeping the information over time, and retrieval is the ability to get the information out of memory when needed. In the case of amnesia, especially anterograde amnesia, the encoding and storage processes can be impaired, leading to the inability to form new memories after the onset of amnesia.
Amnesia can thus be a part of brain trauma, affecting cognitive functions by blocking the memory processing system at different stages. Anterograde amnesia is specifically the loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma, showcasing the direct impact trauma can have on memory functions.