Final answer:
The buildup to Operation Iraqi Freedom involved the U.S. administration's belief in the threat posed by Iraq's alleged WMDs post-September 11, leading to the invasion on March 19, 2003. However, despite the initial success and President Bush's 'Mission Accomplished' speech, the occupation encountered considerable challenges, including the Iraqi insurgency and the complexity of transitioning to a democratic government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leadup to Operation Iraqi Freedom
The buildup to Operation Iraqi Freedom began with President Bush's administration focusing on Iraq as a potential threat after the September 11 attacks. Despite skepticism from entities such as the CIA and the UN about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), the U.S. administration persisted in its belief that Iraq posed a significant risk. By the end of 2002, the rhetoric intensified to assert that Saddam Hussein not only had WMDs but could also be developing a nuclear arsenal, prompting a public narrative supporting the need for preemptive action.
Opening Stages of the Invasion
On March 19, 2003, the U.S.-led coalition launched an invasion of Iraq, which was met with a mixture of cheers and neutrality by the Iraqi civilians. The early military operations saw American and Iraqi forces collaborating to topple Hussein's statues, signifying his fall from power. However, the complexity of the situation became evident as internal strife emerged, including sectarian conflicts and anti-U.S. sentiment. Despite President Bush's declaration of "Mission Accomplished" on May 1, 2003, it became increasingly clear that the mission was far from over.
Consequences of the Invasion
The invasion disturbed the fabric of the Iraqi society, leading to the Iraqi insurgency and sectarian violence. Civilian casualties were high, and the operation faced significant challenges in managing law and order, as well as transitioning Iraq towards democracy. The U.S. troops' presence became extended as they faced insurgents using improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other guerrilla tactics, casting doubt on the prospects for rapid stabilization and self-governance in Iraq.