Final answer:
The axon is the part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other cells, terminating in axon terminals that transmit signals across synapses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body and towards other cells is called the axon. Neurons are specialized cells within the nervous system that transmit signals throughout the body. The axon is a long, slender projection that extends from the cell body, also known as the soma, and ends in multiple axon terminals. These terminals are responsible for sending the electrical signal, or action potential, across a synapse to another neuron's dendrites, or to a muscle or gland cell. The axon can be covered with a protective myelin sheath, which speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.