Question

Jim Goodman, 77 y/o male; end-stage COPD; lives w/ wife, smokes 15 cigs/day

A) health promotion: increased
B) risk reduction: increased
C) community assessment: increased
D) culture/beliefs/spirituality: normal
E) disease/illness prevention: increased
F) education/counseling: increased
G) resource id: normal
H) self-management: increased
I) social determinants of health: increased
J) surveillance: normal

Answer 1

Smoking is the primary cause of COPD and damages respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It leads to a myriad of health issues, including increased risk for various cancers, heart disease, and other conditions like erectile dysfunction and infertility.

Step-by-step explanation:

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is primarily caused by tobacco smoking, leading to damaging physiological changes such as the breakdown of alveolar walls and reduced surface area for gas exchange. Smoking cessation can help slow down the progression of COPD, though there is no cure except for lung transplantation in severe cases.

Furthermore, smoking has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system by increasing the risk of high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attack, and stroke. In addition to these effects, smoking is associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes like cancer, infectious diseases, erectile dysfunction, and slow wound healing.

To address the questions:

1. Smoking causes COPD by introducing harmful chemicals like carbon monoxide and cyanide that damage the lungs and reduce alveolar elasticity, crucial for proper lung function.
2. Adverse effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system include an increased risk of high blood pressure, blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.
3. Three additional adverse health effects from smoking are erectile dysfunction, female infertility, and slow wound healing.