Final Answer:
Criterion D: Negative alterations in cognitions and mood refer to the presence of persistent, distorted beliefs about oneself or the world, as well as negative changes in emotional experiences. This criterion is a key component of the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Step-by-step explanation:
Criterion D in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD involves the identification of negative alterations in cognitions and mood as a result of exposure to a traumatic event. Persistent, distorted beliefs can manifest in various ways, such as persistent and exaggerated negative expectations about oneself, others, or the world.
Individuals experiencing Criterion D may also exhibit distorted blame towards themselves or others regarding the traumatic event. These cognitive distortions contribute to a significant impact on the individual's overall mood, leading to pervasive negative emotional experiences.
Moreover, the negative alterations in mood extend beyond cognitive aspects to include emotional changes. This may involve persistent feelings of fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame. The emotional shifts can be intense and disruptive, affecting the individual's daily functioning and overall well-being.
It's important to note that Criterion D is part of a broader set of criteria used by mental health professionals to diagnose PTSD, emphasizing the interconnectedness of cognitive and emotional aspects in understanding the psychological impact of traumatic experiences. In clinical assessments, professionals carefully evaluate and analyze the presence and severity of these negative alterations in cognitions and mood to make an accurate diagnosis and develop appropriate treatment plans for individuals affected by PTSD.