Final answer:
The correct answer is c) trustees, which require authorization in all cases due to their fiduciary duties and legal obligations in managing trust assets. Tip sheets and newspaper columns do not require authorization as they are general investment opinions.
Step-by-step explanation:
For the student question: Which of the following will require authorization in all cases? The answer is c) trustees. Trustees hold a fiduciary responsibility to manage assets on behalf of another party or trust beneficiaries. Whenever they make decisions or take actions regarding the trust assets, they must act within the terms of the trust agreement and the laws governing trust administration. As such, trustees require authorization to make certain they are following the trust's instructions and adhering to legal obligations.
On the other hand, tip sheets and newspaper investment advice columns are forms of investment opinion and general information. They do not require authorization to be used by readers, as they typically come with disclaimers stating that the information presented is not investment advice and should not be taken as such without further personal research and/or professional advice.
Whenever a person acts as a trustee, their primary role is to manage the trust with the beneficiaries' best interests in mind, and thus, they must ensure their actions are authorized either by the trust document or by a court of law. This is unlike public investment advice seen in newspapers or tip sheets, which is not regulated at a personal level and doesn't require user authorization or consent to be disseminated.