Final answer:
Option c, '%let rate=23;', is the correct syntax for creating a macro variable named 'rate' with a value of 23 in SAS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that creates a macro variable named rate with a value of 23 in SAS is option c: %let rate=23;. This is the correct syntax for defining a macro variable in SAS. The ampersand (&) is not used to define a macro variable but to reference one that has already been defined.
While options a and d use the %let statement, they mistakenly include double quotes around the number, which is not necessary when assigning numerical values to macro variables.