Energy is transferred from the lamp to the soil through the process of radiation.
In this energy transfer model, the movement of energy from the lamp to the soil occurs through a process known as radiation.
Radiation, a mode of heat transfer, involves the propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves without the need for a medium like air or water to transmit this energy.
The lamp emits a spectrum of electromagnetic waves, encompassing visible light and infrared radiation, among others.
These waves traverse space, traveling through the air or any intervening medium without requiring particles to carry them.
As these waves reach the soil's surface, they interact with the soil particles.
Upon reaching the soil, the electromagnetic waves, particularly the infrared radiation, are absorbed by the soil's surface.
This absorption of energy causes the soil particles to increase in temperature, leading to an elevation in the soil's overall thermal energy.
The absorbed energy from the electromagnetic waves transfers into the soil's particles, inducing molecular motion and increasing their kinetic energy.
As a result, the soil absorbs the radiant energy, transforming it into thermal energy and raising the soil temperature.
Radiation serves as an efficient mode of heat transfer, allowing energy to propagate through space and be absorbed by surfaces, subsequently leading to changes in temperature without the requirement of a physical medium for this transfer to occur.