Final answer:
New World monkeys are exclusively arboreal with prehensile tails for tree living, whereas Old World monkeys have a mix of arboreal and ground-dwelling species, with non-prehensile tails and sometimes ischial callosities.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing the arboreal abilities of New World and Old World monkeys, a clear distinction arises in their adaptations for tree-dwelling. New World monkeys, residing in the tropical forests of Central and South America, are exclusively arboreal and notable for their prehensile tails, which are adept at grasping and maneuvering amongst the branches. Conversely, Old World monkeys, found in the tropical forests of Africa and Asia, demonstrate a mix of arboreal and ground-dwelling species, with tails that are non-prehensile and often reduced. Furthermore, Old World species include monkeys with ischial callosities, which are not a feature of New World monkeys, signifying different adaptations to their respective environments.