Parameters; statistics are associated with populations, whereas statistics; parameters are associated with samples.
In statistics, parameters and statistics play crucial roles in understanding and describing data. Parameters are associated with populations, referring to the characteristics or measures that describe the entire group of interest. These values are typically unknown and are inferred from sample data. On the other hand, statistics pertain to samples, representing the measures or characteristics calculated from observed data within a subset of the population.
When we conduct statistical analysis, we often aim to estimate population parameters based on sample statistics. Therefore, the relationship between parameters and statistics is fundamental in statistical inference, helping us make generalizations and draw conclusions about entire populations based on observed sample data.